What does biodiversity refer to?

Biodiversity refers to the variety of life in a habitat or ecosystem. This encompasses the different species of plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms that exist in a given area. Biodiversity is crucial because it contributes to the resilience and functionality of ecosystems, allowing them to thrive and adapt to changes. A rich diversity of species can lead to more stable ecosystems that can better withstand disturbances and changes, such as climate shifts or human impact.

While the number of ecosystems in a region is related to biodiversity, it does not encompass the full definition, which specifically focuses on the variety of life forms. Genetic variety within a single species captures only a narrow aspect of biodiversity, primarily related to the genetic differences among individuals of that species rather than the broader spectrum of life. The distribution of species across the globe assesses where species are located and does not directly define biodiversity itself. In summary, the correct understanding of biodiversity is tied to the richness of life forms present in an ecosystem.