What is the primary function of DNA?

The primary function of DNA is to carry genetic information necessary for the development and reproduction of an organism. DNA contains the instructions required for the synthesis of proteins, which perform a vast array of functions in living organisms. Through the process of replication, DNA ensures that this genetic information is passed on to subsequent generations, thereby playing a critical role in heredity.

This genetic code is organized into genes, which direct various biological processes and traits, influencing everything from physical characteristics to physiological functions. The sequence of nucleotides in DNA encodes the information that dictates how proteins are made, and ultimately, how cells and organisms function, develop, and reproduce.

In contrast, the other options describe functions that are not primarily associated with DNA. Producing energy is mainly the role of cellular organelles like mitochondria, serving as structural components pertains more to proteins and other molecules that form the cell's architecture, and transmitting signals between cells involves proteins, receptors, and other signaling molecules, not DNA itself.