Which of the following are the three states of matter?

The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. In solids, particles are closely packed together and vibrate in place, which gives them a definite shape and volume. Liquids have more spacing between particles, allowing them to flow and take the shape of their container while retaining a definite volume. Gases, on the other hand, have particles that are far apart and move freely, filling the entire volume of their container without a definite shape.

The other options do not accurately reflect the three primary states of matter. Plasma is often considered a fourth state of matter, distinct from solids, liquids, and gases. Although vapor refers to the gaseous state of a substance that is typically a liquid at room temperature, it is not recognized as a separate state of matter. Hence, focusing on solids, liquids, and gases provides the fundamental classification of matter in physics and chemistry.